11) Golden mean
We must treat others as we wish others to treat us
12) The seven deadly sins
- Pride
- Greed
- Lust
- Anger
- Gluttony
- Envy
- Sloth
13) Attitude:
Attitude reflects our liking or disliking to a particular object
Three objects : Cognitive, affective and behavioral
Congnitive:
Affective:
Behavioral: past behaviors or experiences shaping the attitude
14) Benevolence : it is the love of others, the desire to do good, be kind and generous
15) Utilization of public funds
Ethical issues
- Misuse of funds – wasteful expenditure on ads
- Misallocation – funds for education used somewhere is else
- Priorities – urban centre’s gets huge funds though rural remains backward
- Corruption and embezzlement of funds.
- Kickbacks
- Non transparency in public procurement
- Time lapses in fund allocation since it has to pass through various layers
- Lack of powers at low level for spending – this leads to delay in payments
- Lack of fund allocation
- Lack of capacity with the officials for efficient fund utilization – TN though more developed gets comparatively higher funds than BH
- State govt have a weak financial capacity to
- contribute additional funding
How to improve?
- Publicexpenditures tracking using newspapers and radios. Maintenance and display of data on funds
- Community control of program implementation
- Citizen report cards
- Benchmarking of expenditures
- Transparency in public procurement
- CSO involvement in scrutinize public expenditures
- Social audit
- Strengthen financial audit
16) Quality of Service Delivery
How to improve?
- Capacity building of the service providers
- Performance based bonus and appraisals
- Contractual employment
- Leadership
- Capability for service delivery
- Measuring the outcomes to inputs – What gets measured gets managed
- Electronic delivery of services
Public Side
Empowerment of local communities in making the service provider accountable
- Citizen charter
- Ensuring citizens right to kno
- GRM
- PPP
Examples
- PDS in TN
- Passport Seva Kendra
- Speed Post – Online tracking
- 101 Ambulance 24×7 support
35) Work Culture
It is a set of collective beliefs, values, rules and behavior which an organization as a whole conforms to.
West vs Indian Work Culture
- In west, the culture is more casual – Flat table offices and absence of strict hierarchy. In India, a strict and more rigid hierarchy is followed
- In west, even the boss is called with his/her first name. In India, Sir/madam are invariably used which shows the distance between the senior and
- junior. This leads to lack of bonding and an
- efficient work culture
- Quality vs. Quantity
- Seniority vs. Merit
- Definition of a workplace – Gym, Swimming pool etc. In India, work means work.
- Company paid holidays and more focus on spiritual well-being to ensure positive work life balance
Bureaucratic vs Private Culture
Positive of Bureaucracy
Dedication – Police, NDRF, teachers etc
Loyalty
Public values as the guide
Compassion to the work – Teacher transfer in TN and students protest
Going an extra mile to do some works
Negatives
- Rigid weberian model
- Corruption, nepotism, favoritism, conflict of interests
- Abuse of authority
- No focus for individuality
- Lack of incentives for being honest Treating juniors badly – Sahayak system Complacency
- Lack of responsibility
- Lack of innovations
- Monopoly in service deliver
Private – Positives
- Strict targets and deadlines
- Performance based appraisal
- Merit > Seniority
- Individuality and innovation are encouraged
- Team spirit
- Lack of rigidity. Seniors are more approachable
- Hire and fire mode – efficiency is very high
- Competitive atmosphere
Ways to improve
- Training and capacity building
- Target fixation – rewards
- Citizen engagement
